關於表彰優秀研究生導師的決定

① 教育部發文明確研究生導師立德樹人幾項職責

教育部近日印發《關於全面落實研究生導師立德樹人職責的意見》。意見以條文形式強化了研究生導師基本素質要求，提出政治素質過硬、師德師風高尚、業務素質精湛是研究生導師必須滿足的三大基本素質要求。

《意見》明確了研究生導師立德樹人職責，具體包括提升研究生思想政治素質、培養研究生學術創新能力、培養研究生實踐創新能力、增強研究生社會責任感、指導研究生恪守學術道德規范、優化研究生培養條件、注重對研究生人文關懷等七個方面。

《意見》指出，健全研究生導師評價激勵機制。要完善評價考核機制，把立德樹人納入教學評估和學科評估指標體系，加強對研究生導師立德樹人職責落實情況的評價。明確表彰獎勵機制，研究生培養單位要將研究生導師立德樹人評價考核結果，作為人才引進、職稱評定、職務晉升、績效分配、評優評先的重要依據，充分發揮考核評價的鑒定、引導、激勵和教育功能。落實督導檢查機制，對於未能履行立德樹人職責的研究生導師，研究生培養單位視情況採取約談、限招、停招、取消導師資格等處理措施；對有違反師德行為的，實行一票否決，並依法依規給予相應處理。

② 怎樣的學術導師是好導師

「在任何學科領域，是否有一個好導師將決定學生的研究生涯初期的成敗。」 [1]

什麼樣的導師是好導師呢？2005年，Nature創立了the Nature awards for mentoring in science，用於表彰在指導研究生方面卓有成效的導師。有關人員廣泛收集總結了學生們對其導師的評價，總結成了給導師的16條建議 [2]，如對學生的智力與能力的尊重，對學生職業發展（甚至選擇非學術道路）的尊重，等等。

下文分別列出這16條建議，並引用學生的comments作為例證。基於我與自己的博士導師 && 我與本科期間的兩個導師的各種經歷，我highlight了這些comment里讓我深有感觸的地方。在異國求學，一個supportive的好導師是如父親一般的存在（撒花）~

此外，我認為導師「nice」這個說法太籠統。我認為挑導師主要有兩個維度：一個是做人，一個是治學。真正的好導師，做人方面要正直、得體，尊重學生，讓學生如沐春風，心情愉快，感到個人價值受到認可；做研究方面，要非常responsible，對學生的研究生涯發展很給力，所以push至少比放羊好一點，讓學生緊張一點總比鬆懈要好——五年PHD實在是好短噠。

1. Be available：給學生及時的幫助和反饋
"George meets with his students very regularly and is always available to them. I cannot remember him ever cancelling an appointment with me despite the tremendous demands on his time (he was Head of Department for some of the time that I was his student). He reads drafts promptly and provides clear, constructive comments. He is never negative and never belittles even the most junior of students."
"Undoubtedly the greatest attribute of Charles's mentorship style is his accessibility. Rarely in the 6 years I was in his laboratory did I note him not to have an open door to discuss recent results with anyone from within, or indeed from outside, her/his laboratory. This availability combined with Charles's approachable attitude resulted in a mentor that you were not afraid to speak to, with whatever result you had in hand be it positive or negative. Even after leaving his laboratory I founds his door was always open to discuss scientific ideas."

2. Respect：尊重學生的人格和智力
"Mary treats her colleagues, regardless of whether they are doing a PhD or if they are a fellow Professor, with the same high regard. In doing so, she inspires confidence in her collaborators."
一般而言，被吐槽的導師都是這一點做得差，把學生當做幹活機器。

3. Be generous：無私的分享精神
"Mark's magnanimity in sharing his own ideas and delight in seeing others succeed has also been an inspiration, not just for myself but for a whole generation of younger scientists."

"Sally did and still does this by allowing them to run with ideas that she helped to develop or even proced herself entirely and by allowing them, to take on senior authorship on important papers even though she could claim it for herself."

4. Indivial difference：每個學生想要追求的人生目標是不同的，每個學生也都有自己的私人生活
"A mentor needs the ability to create a unique relationship with each member of the lab. Francis possesses this attribute and sees the strengths and skills of each indivial and then designs projects to suit these strengths. Her ability to understand that not everyone works in the same way or wants the same things from their lives enables her to proce the best results from people."
"Not everybody wants to be a leading researcher and some have skills that better suit them to other occupations. There is little point in encouraging young people to take on a career to which they may be unsuited or which they will find stressful or uninteresting. So I believe it is necessary sometimes to encourage them into other directions ."
這段話讓我非常感動——我覺得這種對個人意志與自由選擇的無私尊重，簡直是一種偉大的人性的光輝。正如原文[2]指出，there is more to life that what they do in the lab. They need freedom to "smell the roses" as one mentee put it. If things change and appear to be going wrong we need to try and understand why. If personal life is becoming tough, then give them time and space. Good mentors make themselves aware of this. Again we are often so busy we don't notice. 所以，A good supervisor/mentor appreciates these differences and does not try and fit square pegs in round holes. They know when to back off and let people make their own decisions and when to come in and offer support and sympathy.

5. For Life：一日為師，終身為父