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大學英語教程課文翻譯答案

發布時間: 2024-03-23 14:17:33

㈠ 21世紀大學實用英語綜合教程3課文翻譯

【翻譯】

看到這樣的風格,我感到很好奇。於是一天我去找Jerry問他:「我不明白,你怎麼會一直這么樂觀。你怎麼做到的?」
Jerry回答;每天早上醒來我對自己說Jerry你今天有兩個選擇,可以選有個好心情或是有個壞心情。我選擇好心情。每次有壞事發生的時候。我可以選擇成為受害者或是選擇從中吸取教訓。我選擇從中吸取教訓當遇到對我有抱怨聲的時候,我可以選擇接受抱怨。或是找到生活積極的一面。我選擇找到生活積極的一面。
「那不容易做到。」我說
「是的。」他說:「生活有很多選擇。你拋開所有不好的事情,每種情況都有選擇。你選擇對待事物得反應,你選擇人們怎麼影響你的心情,你選擇好心情或是壞心情。底線是:你要選擇你要過怎樣的生活。」

㈡ 新視野大學英語(第三版)第二冊課後翻譯答案及原文

Unit 1

原文:English is known as a world language, regularly used by many nations whose English is not their first language. Like other languages, English has changed greatly. The history of the English language can be divided into three main periods: Old English, Middle English and Modern English. The English language started with the invasion of Britain by three Germanic tribes ring the 5th century AD, and they contributed greatly to the formation of the English language. During the medieval and early modern periods, the influence of English spread throughout the British Isles, and from the early 17th century its influence began to be felt throughout the world. The processes of European exploration and colonization for several centuries led to significant change in English. Today, American English is particularly influential, e to the popularity of American cinema, television, music, trade and technology, including the Internet.

翻譯:人們普遍認為英語是一種世界語言,經常被許多不以英語為第一語言的國家使用。與其他語言一樣,英語也發生了很大的變化。英語的歷史可以分為三個主要階段:古英語,中古英語和現代英語。英語起源於公元5世紀,當時三個日耳曼部落入侵英國,他們對英語語言的形成起了很大的作用。在中世紀和現代社會初期,英語的影響遍及不列顛群島。從17世紀初,它的影響力開始在世界各地顯現。歐洲幾百年的探險和殖民過程導致了英語的重大變化。今天,由於美國電影、電視、音樂、貿易和技術、包括互聯網的大受歡迎,美國英語的影響力尤其顯著。

原文:中國書法(calligraphy)是一門獨特的藝術,是世界上獨一無二的藝術瑰寶。中國書法藝術的形成、發展與漢文字的產生與演進存在著密不可分的關系。漢字在漫長的演變發展過程中,一方面起著交流思想、繼承文化的重要作用,另一方面它本身又形成了一種獨特的藝術。書法能夠通過作品把書法家個人的生活感受、學識、修養、個性等折射出來,所以,通常有"字如其人"的說法。中國書法不僅是中華民族的文化瑰寶,而且在世界文化藝術寶庫中獨放異彩。

翻譯:Chinese calligraphy is a unique art and the unique art treasure in the world. The formation and development of the Chinese calligraphy is closely related to the emergence and evolution of Chinese characters. In this long evolutionary process, Chinese characters have not only played an important role in exchanging ideas and transmitting culture but also developed into a unique art form. Calligraphic works well reflect calligraphers' personal feelings, knowledge, self-cultivation, personality, and so forth, thus there is an expression that "seeing the calligrapher's handwriting is like seeing the person". As one of the treasures of Chinese culture, Chinese calligraphy shines splendidly in the world's treasure house of culture and art.

Unit 2

原文:A MOOC (massive open online course) is an online course aimed at unlimited participation and open access via the web. MOOCs are a recent development in distance ecation and have now become a surging trend in higher ecation. These classes are aimed at expanding a university's reach from thousands of tuition-paying students who live in town, to millions of students around the world. In addition to traditional course materials, MOOCs provide interactive user forums to support interactions between students and professors. MOOCs can encourage communication among participants who bring a variety of viewpoints, knowledge, and skills to the course; inspire people to "try on" subjects that they wouldn't otherwise pursue or even try on ecation itself; provide multiple ways to engage with course material, encouraging multimodal (多模式的) learning that can address the needs of learners with a variety of learning styles; and inspire better teaching and use of technologies for face-to-face courses.

翻譯:慕課是一種網路課程,它旨在通過網路實現廣泛參與和開放接入。慕課是遠程教育邁出的最新一步,現已在高等教育領域迅速引領潮流。通過這些課程,大學可以擴大影響的范圍,從影響成千上萬住在城裡付學費的學生,擴展到惠及全球上百萬的學生。除了擁有傳統的課程資料,慕課還給使用者提供互動論壇,支持學生和講師之間的交流。慕課能夠促進參與者之間的交流,使得多種觀點、知識和技能涌現到課堂上來;它鼓勵人們嘗試之前不可能嘗試的課程,甚至是嘗試新的教育方式;它提供多種學習課程資料的方式,鼓勵多模式學習,以各種學習風格滿足學習者的需求;另外,慕課促進教學的改善,使技術在面對面授課中得以更好地應用。

原文:近年來,隨著互聯網技術的發展,我國的數字化教育資源建設取得了巨大的成就。很多高校建立了自己的數字化學習平台,數字化教學在教育中發揮著越來越大的作用。和傳統教學方式相比,數字化教學方式有很大的優勢。一方面,數字化教學使教學資源得以全球共享;另一方面,它拓展了學習者的學習時間和空間,人們可以隨時隨地通過互聯網進入數字化的虛擬學校學習。這使得人類從接受一次性教育走向終身學習成為可能。

翻譯:In recent years, with the development of Internet technology, the construction of digital ecation resources of our country has made great achievements. Many universities have set up their own digital learning platforms, and digital teaching is playing an increasingly important role in ecation. Compared with the traditional way of teaching, the digital way has a lot of advantages. On one hand, digital teaching makes global sharing of teaching resources possible; on the other hand, it expands the learner's study time and space to learn, allowing people to get access to the digital virtual schools through the Internet anytime and anywhere. These advantages make it possible for people to shift from one-time learning to lifelong learning.

Unit 3

原文:As an important part of the American culture value system, "indivialism" is admired by most American people. Americans view the family as a group whose primary purpose is to advance the happiness of indivial members. In contrast to many other cultures, the primary responsibility of the American family member is not to advance the family as a group, either socially or economically. What would be best for the family is not usually considered to be as important as what would be best for the indivial. With freedom comes the responsibility to care for oneself, for it is the freedom of choice that carries with it the responsibility: to accept the consequences of the choices. Many Americans give their children a lot of freedom because they want them to be independent and self-reliant. Along with the American emphasis on indivial freedom, the belief in equality between parents and children also has had a strong effect on the family.
翻譯:作為美國文化價值體系的一個重要組成部分,"個人主義"受到大多數美國人的推崇。美國人認為家庭作為一個群體,其主要目的是促進家庭各成員的幸福。與許多其他文化相比,美國家庭成員的主要職責,不是在社會上或經濟上提高整個家庭的地位。人們通常認為,什麼是對個人最好的要比什麼是對家庭最好的更為重要。與自由相伴而來的是照顧自己的責任,因為所選擇的自由承載了責任,即必須接受自己的選擇所帶來的後果。許多美國人給他們的孩子很多的自由,因為他們希望孩子們能夠獨立和自力更生。在美國人強調個人自由的同時,父母與孩子間平等的信念也對美國家庭產生了巨大的影響。

原文:孝道(filial piety)是中國古代社會的基本道德規范(code of ethics)。中國人把孝視為人格之本、家庭和睦之本、國家安康之本。由於孝道是儒家倫理思想的核心,它成了中國社會千百年來維系家庭關系的道德准則。它毫無疑問是中華民族的一種傳統美德。孝道文化是一個復合概念,內容豐富,涉及面廣。它既有文化理念,又有制度禮儀(institutional etiquette)。一般來說,它指社會要求子女對父母應盡的義務,包括尊敬、關愛、贍養老人等等。孝道是古老的"東方文明"之根本。

翻譯:Filial piety is the basic code of ethics in ancient Chinese society. Chinese people consider filial piety as the essence of a person's integrity, family harmony, and the nation's well-being. With filial piety being the core of Confucian ethics, it has been the moral standard for the Chinese society to maintain the family relationship for thousands of years. It's undoubtedly a traditional Chinese virtue. The culture of filial piety is a complex concept, rich in content and wide in range. It includes not only cultural ideas but also institutional etiquettes. Generally speaking, it refers to the obligation of children to their parents required by the society, including respect, care, support for the elderly and so forth. Filial piety is fundamental to the ancient "Oriental civilization".
Unit 4

原文:Valentine's Day on February 14 is celebrated in various American and European countries. It is a holiday of love and romance usually by exchanging valentines or love tokens between lovers. There are different origins regarding the festival. One legend goes that the Romans put a priest named Saint Valentine into prison for refusing to believe in the Roman gods. On February 14, Valentine was put to death not only because he was Christian, but also because he had cured the jailer's daughter of blindness. The night before he was executed he wrote her a farewell letter signed "From your Valentine". Later, February 14 became a holiday for people to show affection for their loved ones. Today, people celebrate Valentine's Day in different ways, sending greeting cards and flowers, giving chocolate or other gifts, or joining in romantic dinners. The holiday has now become popular all over the world. In China the festival is also becoming increasingly popular with young people.
翻譯:美洲和歐洲各國都會慶祝2月14日的情人節。這是一個充滿愛情和浪漫的節日,戀人之間通常都會交換情人卡和愛情信物。關於這個節日的起源有著不同的說法。一個傳說是羅馬人把一個叫聖瓦倫丁的神父關進了監獄,因為他拒絕相信羅馬神。2月14日那天,瓦倫丁被處死,不僅因為他是基督徒,而且因為他曾治癒了一位監獄看守雙目失明的女兒。他在被處死的前一天晚上給她寫了一封署名「你的瓦倫丁」的告別信。後來,2月14日就成了一個人們可以為他們的情人展示感情的節日。現在,人們以不同的方式慶祝情人節,他們發送賀卡、鮮花,贈送巧克力或其他禮品,或共進浪漫的晚餐。現在這個節日已流行世界各地。在中國,這個節日也正越來越受年輕人的歡迎。

原文:農歷七月初七是中國的七夕節 (Qixi Festival),是中國傳統節日中最具浪漫色彩的一個節日。一些大的商家每年都舉辦不同的活動,年輕人也送禮物給他們的情人。因此,七夕節被認為是中國的「情人節」(Valentine's Day)。七夕節來自牛郎與織女(Cowherd and Weaving Maid)的傳說。相傳,每年的這個夜晚,天上的織女都會與牛郎相會。所以,在七夕的夜晚,人們可以看到牛郎織女在銀河 (the Milky Way)相會。姑娘們也會在這一天晚上向天上的織女乞求智慧,以獲得美滿姻緣。但隨著時代的變遷,這些活動正在消失,唯有標志著忠貞愛情的牛郎織女的傳說一直流傳民間。

翻譯:July 7th on the Chinese calendar is Chinese Qixi Festival, the most romantic of all the traditional Chinese holidays. Every year, some big businesses organize various activities, and young people send gifts to their lovers. As a result, the Qixi Festival is considered to be Chinese "Valentine's Day". The Qixi Festival is derived from the legend of Cowherd and Weaving Maid. The legend holds that on this particular night every year the Weaving Maid in heaven meets with Cowherd. So, people can see Cowherd and Weaving Maid meeting in the Milky Way on the night of Qixi. On this night, girls would also beg Weaving Maid for some wisdom for a happy marriage. But, with the changing of times, these activities are diminishing. All that remains is the legend of Cowherd and Weaving Maid, a sign of faithful love, continuously circulated among the folk.

㈢ 21世紀大學實用英語綜合教程(第二冊)課文翻譯及課後習題答案

由於字數太多,不能一下子粘貼完,我先粘貼一部分給你,你繼續追問,我繼續粘貼!

Unit One

誤 會

佚名

他頭發蓬亂,衣著骯臟,口袋裡只有35美分。在馬里蘭州的巴爾的摩,他登上一輛公共汽車並徑直走向了洗手間。他想如果他躲在洗手間里,便可以不付錢就乘車去紐約。但是坐在公共汽車後面的一位乘客看見了他。她拍了拍她前面那位乘客的肩膀說:「洗手間里有個流浪漢。告訴公共汽車司機。」那位乘客輕輕地拍了一下坐在他前面的人,說道:「告訴公共汽車司機,洗手間里有個流浪漢。

這口信通過一個又一個的乘客傳到了公共汽車的前邊。但在這一過程的某個環節,口信變了。當它傳到公共汽車司機那兒時,已經不是「洗手間里有個流浪漢」,而是「洗手間里有顆炸彈」。司機馬上在公路邊停下車來並用無線電通知了警察。當警察到達時,他們讓乘客下車並且遠離汽車。然後他們關閉了那條公路。那很快就造成了15英里長的交通堵塞。警察在警犬的幫助下,在公共汽車上搜查了兩個小時。當然,他們沒有發現什麼炸彈。

兩個發音相似的英語單詞給一個想從洛杉磯飛往加利福尼亞州奧克蘭的人也造成了麻煩。他的問題始於洛杉磯機場。他以為聽到廣播中宣布了他的航班,所以他走向登機門,出示了機票並登上了飛機。起飛20分鍾後,這人開始擔心起來。奧克蘭在洛杉磯的北邊,但是飛機似乎正在向西飛,而當他向窗外望去時,他所能看到的全是大海。「這架飛機是去奧克蘭嗎?」他問航班服務員。航班服務員倒抽了一口冷氣,「不,」她說。「我們去奧克蘭——紐西蘭的奧克蘭。」

因為有這么多英文單詞發音相似,講英語者之間的誤會並不罕見。並非所有的誤會都會導致公路關閉或乘客飛錯大陸。大多數誤會遠沒有這么嚴重。每天講英語的人會相互問這樣的問題:「你是說七十還是十七?」「你是說你能來還是不能來?」發音相似的單詞對把英語作為第二語言的人來說,特別容易讓人混淆。

一天早晨,一位生活在美國的韓國婦女到上班地點時,她的老闆問她:「你拿到盤子了嗎?」 「沒有……」她回答說,心裡卻在納悶,不知道他到底是什麼意思。她在辦公室工作。老闆為什麼問她盤子的事呢?一整天她都對老闆的怪問題感到納悶,但又不好意思開口問他。到了5點,當她准備回家時,她的老闆說:「明天請准時上班。你今天早晨遲到了15分鍾」 「對不起,」她說。「我的車發動不起來,而且……」 突然她停止了講話並開始微笑起來。她這時才明白老闆並沒有問她「你拿到盤子了嗎?」他問的是「你是不是起來晚了?」

Auckland 和Oakland。「一個盤子」和「起晚」。當發音相似的單詞引起誤會時,也許最好的處理方式就是一笑了之並從錯誤中吸取教訓。當然,有時候很難笑得出來。那個沒到Oakland卻去了Auckland的人是不會想笑的。但即使是那場誤會,最終的結局也還不錯。那家航空公司支付了那人在紐西蘭的旅館住房和用餐的費用,還支付了他飛回加利福尼亞的費用。「 哦,還好,」那人後來說,「我一直就想要看看紐西蘭的。」

以下是課後練習答案

5

1. passengers 2. immediately 3. similar 4. wonder 5. continent

6. traffic 7. misunderstandings 8. embarrassed 9. flights 10. common

11. serious 12. searched

6

1. got on 2. head for 3. tapped on the shoulder

4. pull over 5. resulted in 6. feel like 7. By the time

㈣ 21世紀大學實用英語綜合教程(第二冊)課文翻譯及課後習題答案

Unit 1

Text A

Pre-reading Activities
First Listening
1. You're about to hear a conversation about Winston Churchill. Before you listen, take a look at the words below. Which do you think you're likely to hear when people discuss Churchill? Then, as you listen to the tape the first time, circle the words you hear.
prime minister author painter politician World War I romantic fearless serious passionate World War II

Second Listening
Read the following questions first to prepare yourself to answer them to the best of your ability.
2. What was the argument about? Which side do you believe?
3. What do you know about Winston Churchill as British prime minister? What about his personality—do you have any impressions of him as a human being?

Winston Churchill—His Other Life

Mary Soames

My father, Winston Churchill, began his love affair with painting in his 40s, amid disastrous circumstances. As First Lord of the Admiralty in 1915, he had been deeply involved in a campaign in the Dardanelles that could have shortened the course of a bloody world war. But when the mission failed, with great loss of life, Churchill paid the price, both publicly and privately: He was removed from the Admiralty and lost his position of political influence.
Overwhelmed by the disaster — "I thought he would die of grief," said his wife, Clementine — he retired with his family to Hoe Farm, a country retreat in Surrey. There, as Churchill later recalled, "The muse of painting came to my rescue!"
One day when he was wandering in the garden, he chanced upon his sister-in-law sketching with watercolours. He watched her for a few minutes, then borrowed her brush and tried his hand — and the muse worked her magic. From that day forward, Winston was in love with painting.
Delighted with anything that distracted Winston from the dark thoughts that overwhelmed him, Clementine rushed off to buy whatever paints and materials she could find. Watercolours, oil paints, paper, canvas — Hoe Farm was soon filled with everything a painter could want or need.
Painting in oils turned out to be Winston's great love — but the first steps were strangely difficult. He contemplated the blank whiteness of his first canvas with unaccustomed nervousness. He later recalled:
"Very hesitantly I selected a tube of blue paint, and with infinite precaution made a mark about as big as a bean on the snow-white field. At that moment I heard the sound of a motorcar in the drive and threw down my brush in a panic. I was even more alarmed when I saw who stepped from the car: the wife of Sir John Lavery, the celebrated painter who lived nearby.
"'Painting!' she declared. 'What fun. But what are you waiting for? Let me have the brush — the big one.' She plunged into the paints and before I knew it, she had swept several fierce strokes and slashes of blue on the absolutely terrified canvas. Anyone could see it could not hit back. I hesitated no more. I seized the largest brush and fell upon my wretched victim with wild fury. I have never felt any fear of a canvas since."
Lavery, who later tutored Churchill in his art, said of his unusual pupil's artistic abilities: "Had he chosen painting instead of politics, he would have been a great master with the brush."
In painting, Churchill had discovered a companion with whom he was to walk for the greater part of his life. Painting would be his comfort when, in 1921, the death of his mother was followed two months later by the loss of his and Clementine's beloved three-year-old daughter, Marigold. Overcome by grief, Winston took refuge at the home of friends in Scotland — and in his painting. He wrote to Clementine: "I went out and painted a beautiful river in the afternoon light with red and golden hills in the background. Many loving thoughts.... Alas, I keep feeling the hurt of Marigold."
Life and love and hope slowly revived. In September 1922 another child was born to Clementine and Winston: myself. In the same year, Winston bought Chartwell, the beloved home he was to paint in all its different aspects for the next 40 years.
My father must have felt a glow of satisfaction when in the mid-1920s he won first prize in a prestigious amateur art exhibition held in London. Entries were anonymous, and some of the judges insisted that Winston's picture — one of his first of Chartwell — was the work of a professional, not an amateur, and should be disqualified. But in the end, they agreed to rely on the artist's honesty and were delighted when they learned that the picture had been painted by Churchill.
Historians have called the decade after 1929, when Winston again fell from office, his barren years. Politically barren they may have been, as his lonely voice struggled to awaken Britain to the menace of Hitler, but artistically those years bore abundant fruit: of the 500-odd Churchill canvases in existence, roughly half date from 1930 to 1939.
Painting remained a joy to Churchill to the end of his life. "Happy are the painters," he had written in his book Painting as a Pastime, "for they shall not be lonely. Light and colour, peace and hope, will keep them company to the end of the day." And so it was for my father.
(776 words)

New Words

amid
prep.in the middle of, among 在…之中

* disastrous
a. extremely bad; terrible 災難性的,糟透的

lord
n. (in Britain) title of some officials of very high rank(英)大臣;大人,閣下

admiralty
n. (the A~)(in Britain) government department in charge of the navy (英)海軍部

campaign
n. 1. a series of planned military actions 戰役
2. a planned series of activities, esp. in politics and business 運動

bloody
a. 1. very violent, with a lot of wounding and killing 血腥的
2. covered with blood 血污的

mission
n. 1. (usu. military) ty or purpose for which people are sent somewhere 〔常指軍事〕任務
2. 天職,使命

privately
ad. 1. not publicly 非公開地
2. personally; secretly 在涉及私(個)人方面;秘密地

private
a. 1. personal; secret 私(個)人的;秘密的
2. not public 非公開的

disaster
n. (a)sudden great misfortune 災難,天災;禍患

* grief
n. a feeling of extreme sadness 悲哀

* grieve
v. suffer from grief or great sadness (為…而)悲傷;傷心

retreat
n. 1. a place into which one can go for peace and safety 隱居處
2. 撤退;避難
vi. move back or leave a center of fighting or other activity 撤退;退避

muse, Muse
n. 1. (in Greek mythology) one of the nine goddesses of poetry, music, etc. 繆斯(希臘神話中司文藝的九位女神之一)
2. a force or person that inspires sb. to write, paint, etc. 創作靈感

rescue
n. help which gets sb. out of a dangerous or unpleasant situation 救助;救援
vt. 救助;救援

sister-in-law
n. sister of one's husband or wife 姑子;姨子;嫂子;弟媳

sketch
v. make a quick, rough drawing (of sth.) 素描,速寫
n. 素描,速寫

watercolo(u)r
n. 水彩(顏料);水彩畫

magic
n. 魔法,法術
a. 有魔力的

* distract
vt. (from) take (one's mind, sb.) off sth. 轉移(注意力); 使轉移注意力

* canvas
n. 1. a piece of strong heavy cloth used for an oil painting 帆布畫布
2. a completed oil painting 油畫

* contemplate
vt. look at in a serious or quiet way, often for some time (默默地)注視,凝視

blank
a. 1. without writing, print or other marks 空白的
2. expressionless;without understanding 無表情的;茫然的

unaccustomed
a. not used (to sth.); not usual (對某物)不習慣的;不尋常的

accustomed
a. regular; usual 慣常的,通常的

hesitantly
ad. not doing sth. quickly or immediately for one's uncertainty or worry about it 猶豫不決地

infinite
a. extremely great in degree or amount; without limits or end 無限的;極大的

precaution
n. 1. carefulness 防備,預防
2. an action taken to avoid sth. dangerous or unpleasant 預防措施

bean
n. 豆;蠶豆

motorcar
n. a car 汽車

alarm
vt. excite with sudden fear or anxiety 使驚恐;使憂慮
n. 1. a sudden feeling of fear or anxiety 驚恐;憂慮
2. a warning of danger 警報

plunge
vi. (into, in) 1. rush suddenly and deeply into sth. 投身於
2. suddenly fall in a particular direction 縱身投入;一頭扎入

fierce
a. 1. angry, violent and cruel 暴怒的;兇猛的;殘酷的
2. (of heat, strong feelings) very great 強烈的

* slash
n. a long sweeping cut or blow 砍;揮擊
vt. cut with long sweeping forceful strokes;move or force with this kind of cutting movement 砍,砍擊;猛揮

absolutely
ad. completely;without conditions 完全地;絕對地

* terrify
vt. fill with terror or fear 恐嚇,使驚嚇

* wretched
a. very unhappy or unfortunate 不幸的;可憐的

victim
n. sb. or sth. hurt or killed as a result of other people's actions, or of illness, bad luck, etc. 犧牲者,受害者;犧牲品

* fury
n. 1. a wildly excited state (of feeling or activity) 狂熱;激烈
2. (a state of) very great anger 狂怒

artistic
a. 1. of. concerning art or artists 藝術的;藝術家的
2. made with inventive skill or imagination 富有藝術性的

companion
n. mate; one who associates with or accompanies another 同伴;伴侶

beloved
a. much loved; darling 深愛的;親愛的

overcome
vt. 1. (often pass.) (by, with) (of feelings) take control and influence one's behavior 〔常被動〕(感情等)壓倒,使受不了
2. win a victory over; defeat 克服;戰勝

* refuge
n. (a place that provides) protection or shelter from harm, danger or unhappiness 避難(所);庇護(所)

alas
int. a cry expressing grief, sorrow or fear 唉(表示悲傷、憂愁、恐懼等)

* revive
v. 1. regain strength, consciousness, life, etc.;bring (sb. or sth.) back to strength, consciousness, life, etc. (使)復甦;(使)重振活力
2. become active, popular, or successful again 恢復生機;復興;重新流行

glow
n. a feeling of warmth or pleasure 熱烈
vi. emit a soft light 發光

amateur
a. & n. (a person who is) not professional 業余(水平)的(運動員、藝術家等)

entry
n. 1. a person or thing taking part in a competition, race, etc. 參賽一員
2. entrance; the act of entering or the right to enter 進入;進入權

* anonymous
a. (of a person) with name unknown;(of a letter, painting, etc.) written or created by an unidentified person 名字不詳的;匿名的

disqualify
vt. make or declare unfit, unsuitable, or unable to do sth. 取消…的資格;使不適合;使不能

rely
vi. (on, upon) 1. have trust or confidence (in) 信任;信賴
2. depend with full trust or confidence 依賴

* historian
n. a person who studies history and/or writes about it 歷史學家

* barren
a. (of land) unproctive (土地等)貧瘠的,荒蕪的

awaken
vt. 1. (to) cause to become conscious of 使意識到
2. cause to wake up 喚醒

* menace
n. a threat or danger 威脅

abundant
a. plentiful; more than enough 豐富的;充足的

abundance
n. a great quantity; plenty 豐富;充裕;大量

odd
a. 1. (infml.) (after numbers) a little more than the stated number 〔常用以構成復合詞〕…以上的;…出頭的
2. strange or unusual 奇特的;古怪的
3. 奇數的,單數的

existence
n. the state of existing 存在;實有

* pastime
n. hobby;sth. done to pass time in a pleasant way 消遣,娛樂

Phrases and Expressions

pay the price
experience sth. unpleasant because one has done sth. wrong, made a mistake, etc. 付出代價

come to sb.'s rescue
help sb. when he/she is in danger or difficulty 解救某人,救助某人

chance upon
meet by chance; find by chance 偶然碰見;偶然發現

try one's hand
attempt (to do sth.), esp. for the first time 嘗試

plunge into
begin to do sth. suddenly; enter without hesitation 突然或倉促地開始某事;突然沖入

before one knows it
before one has time to consider the course of events 轉眼之間,瞬息之間

fall upon
attack fiercely 猛攻,猛撲

take refuge
seek protection from danger or unhappiness 避難

rely on
trust, or confidently depend on 依賴,依靠

fall from office
lose a position of authority to which sb. was elected or appointed 離位,下台

awaken to
cause to become conscious of 使意識到

bear fruit
proce successful results 結果實;有成果

date from
have existed since 始自

keep sb. company
stay with sb. so that he/she is not alone 陪伴某人

Proper Names

Winston Churchill
溫斯頓·丘吉爾(1874—1965,英國保守黨政治家、首相〔1940—1945,1951—1955〕、作家)

Mary Soames
瑪麗·索姆斯

First Lord of the Admiralty
(英國)海軍大臣

Dardanelles
達達尼爾海峽(位於亞洲小亞細亞半島同歐洲巴爾干半島之間)

Clementine
克萊門泰因(女子名)

Surrey
薩里郡(英國英格蘭郡名)

John Lavery
約翰·萊佛利

Marigold
瑪麗戈爾德(女子名)

Chartwell
查特威爾(宅名)

Adolf. Hitler
希特勒(1889—1945,納粹德國元首)

㈤ 急求全新版《大學英語》綜合教程1課文翻譯及課後習題答案!

課後習題答案

Unit One
Text A: Language Focus
Vocabulary
I.Blank-filling
1) respectable 2) agony 3) put..down 4) sequence 5) hold back 6) distribute
7) off and on 8)vivid 9) associate 10) finally 11) turn in 12) tackle
1) has been assigned to thenewspaper』s Paris office.
2) was so extraordinary that I didn』t know whether tobelieve him or not
3) a clear image of how she would look in twenty years』time
4) gave the command the soldiers opened fire.
5) buying bikes we』ll keep turning them out
1) reputation rigid
to inspire 2) and tedious What』s more
out of date ideas
3) compose career avoid showing hardly hold back

II. Synomyms
composed 2. severe 3. agony 4. extraordinary 5. recall 6. command
7. was violating 8. anticipate

III. Collocation
At 2. For
3. Of 4. With 5. As 6. About 7. To 8. In in 9. From
10. On/upon

Comprehension Exercises
Cloze
Text-related
Hold back 2) tedious
3) scanned 4) recall
5) vivid 6) off and on
7) turnout/in 8) career
Theme-related
Last 2) surprise
3) pulled 4) blowing 5) dressed
6) scene
7)
extraordinary 8) image 9) turn
10) excitement
Translation
Sentence
As it was a formal dinnerparty, I wore formal dress, as Mother told me to.
His girlfriend advised him toget out of/get rid of his bad habit of smoking before it took hold.
Anticipating that the demand
for electricity will be high ring the next few months, they have decided to
increase its proction.
It is said that Bill has been
fired for continually violating the company』s safety rules./Bill is said to
have been fired for continually violating the company』s safety rules.
It』s reported that the
government has taken proper measures to avoid the possibility of a severe water
shortage. /The local government is reported to have taken proper measures to
avoid the possibility of a severe water shortage.
Passage
Susan lost her
legs because of/in a car accident. For a time, she didn』t know how to face up
to the fact that she would never (be able to) walk again.
One day, while
scanning (through) some magazines, a true story caught her eye/she was
attracted by a true story. It gave a vivid description of how a disabled girl
became a writer. Greatly inspired, Susan
began to feel that she, too, would finally be able to lead a useful life.

Text B:
ComprehensionCheck
1-6: CACDBD
Translation:
我耳朵里嗡嗡作響,聽不見他們後來講的話,只東一點西一點滲入片言只語。「……瑪莎是墨西哥人……辭職……不於……」
等我意識到我這番話的意思時,為時已晚。爺爺知道我明白那不是錢的問題。不是那個問題。
第二天,我沉默不語。一副十分傷心的小女孩的摸樣,拖著腳步走進校長辦公室。
他看上去像孩子般開心,像孩子般天真無邪,可是我心裡比誰都明白。
Language Practice
bdafcghe
1) resigned 2)expectation 3)have maintained 4)represents 5)exception
6)was awarded 7)plus 8)make it
9)delicate 10)innocent 11)compare to 12)significance

㈥ 新視野大學英語第1冊Unit7課後答案和翻譯第3版

新視野大學英語第1冊Unit7課後答案和翻譯(第3版)

《新視野大學英語》系列教材是普通高等教育「十一五」國家級規劃教材。下面我分享新視野大學英語第1冊Unit7課後答案和翻譯(第3版),歡迎參考!

新視野大學英語第1冊Unit7課後答案和翻譯第3版 篇1

Vocabulary

III.

1.identify 2.attach 3.instinct 4.polish 5.unusual 6.offend 7.detail 8.slight 9.foundation 10.rob

IV.

1.details 2.robbed 3.offended 4.polishing 5.identify 6.slight 7.instinct 8.attached 9.foundation 10.unusual

V.

1.attached to 2.Looking through 3.hold dear 4.pulling into 5.face to face with 6.rather than 7.out of control 8.eaten away at 9.have mercy on 10.got to their feet

VI.

1.G 2.H 3.J 4.L 5.O 6.A 7.C 8.M 9.D 10.E

Sentence structure

1.They should have their pay increased.

2.I had my first book accepted for publication that year.

3.George had his papers taken form him at the police station

4.I had my wallet stolen while I was on holiday.

5.The couple are going to have their wedding photos enlarged at the store.

VIII.

1.rather than to her daughter

2.rather than harm them

3.rather than leaving everything to the last minute

4.Rather than using the last of my cash

5.rather than increase pay

Translation

IX.

1.The police had the photograph of the missing girl enlarged so that they could recognize her easily.

2.When I go to work, I prefer to take a bus rather than drive and that morning was no exception.

3.When he saw his granddaughter coming into the house (Seeing his granddaughter coming into the house), the old man got to his feet and moved several steps unexpectedly as if he could walk by himself.

4.At that time we focused our attention on that painting without noticing anything unusual around us, and we can』t offer any additional details.

5.The couple pulled their car into the parking lot and then headed for the cinema.

6.It』s a question we have to face no matter how unpleasant it is.

X.

1.經驗告訴他,婦女的天性昌保護自己而不是去傷害攻擊者。

2.自從她把牆重新粉刷了後,這房間好看多了。

3.在這個國家的許多地方,青少年犯罪已經失去了控制,這個城市也不例外。

4.搶劫案發生後的幾周,他不敢出門,害怕自己再次與劫匪面對面遭遇。

5.受害者向警察描述她是怎樣突然遭到一個從灌木叢中出來的人搶劫的。

6.如今,對許多美國人來說,周末工作已經不幸地成為了慣例,而不是例外。

Cloze

XI.

1.C 2.B 3.C 4.A 5.A 6.B 7.B 8.C 9.A 10.C

11.A 12.B 13.C 14.A 15.B 16.B 17.C 18.A 19.C 20.C

Text Structure Analysis

XII.

Analysis:

The set of actions leading to the main idea:

got up to his feet, found the keys, entered his house and called 911

the operator took a description and sent a police car

had a drink, the policemen came and took a report

Main idea: He reported the robbery to the police.

Structured Writing

XIII.

I climbed the ladder, heard my dive announced, and started the moves to thrust myself into the air.Then I dove into the pool.I enjoyed the quietness underwater, and then swam to the side of the pool.I was wondering about my score when suddenly, my coach leaped into the air.The crowd cheered, and I knew I'd won the gold medal.

新視野大學英語第1冊Unit7課後答案和翻譯第3版 篇2

Reading Skills

I.

1.For self-defense

2.She is afraid that she might kill someone.

3.According to the following paragraphs, the write feels uncomfortable about the imagined robbery because she unfairly imagined the robber was a black man.

4.According to common sense, a robber must be physically strong.The writer doesn』t see women as being strong enough to rob someone, and she thinks of black men as particularly dangerous.

5.A neighborhood with a bad name because of frequent crime, violence, or safely dangerous.

6.Killing a human being just for money is wrong, according to the writer.

7.Locking the doors at the sight of a black man is really shameful.

8.This means that the writer hopes the robber takes away the money and no violence occurs.

Comprehension of the Text

II.

1.C 2.B 3.C 4.B 5.C 6.B 7.A 8.C

Vocabulary

III.

1.intention 2.advocates 3.violence 4.dominate 5.reveal 6.omitted 7.confronted 8.affected 9.intended 10.transported

IV.

1.is intended for 2.be capable of 3.At the sight of 4.live with 5.are immune to 6.keep… from 7.Ignorance of 8.heard of 9.affected by 10.in reality

拓展閱讀: 新視野大學英語課文翻譯

Unit1SectionA

我哥哥吉米出生時遇上難產,因為缺氧導致大腦受損。兩年後,我出生了。從此以後,我的生活便圍繞我哥哥轉。伴隨我成長的,是「到外面去玩,把你哥哥也帶上。」不帶上他,我是哪裡也去不了的。因此,我慫恿鄰居的孩子到我家來,盡情地玩孩子們玩的游戲。我母親教吉米學習日常自理,比如刷牙或系皮帶什麼的。我父親宅心仁厚,他的耐心和理解使一家人心貼著心。我則負責外面的事,找到那些欺負我哥哥的孩子們的父母,告他們的狀,為我哥哥討回公道。父親和吉米形影不離。他們一道吃早飯,平時每天早上一道開車去海軍航運中心,他們都在那裡工作,吉米在那搬卸標有彩色代號的箱子。晚飯後,他們一道交談,玩游戲,直到深夜。他們甚至用口哨吹相同的曲調。所以,父親1991年因心臟病去世時,吉米幾乎崩潰了,盡管他盡量不表現出來。他就是不能相信父親去世這一事實。通常,他是一個令人愉快的人,現在卻一言不發,無論說多少話都不能透過他木然的臉部表情了解他的心事。我雇了一個人和他住在一起,開車送他去上班。然而,不管我怎麼努力地維持原狀,吉米還是認為他熟悉的世界已經消失了。有一天,我問他:「你是不是想念爸爸?」他的嘴唇顫抖了幾下,然後問我:「你怎麼看,瑪格麗特?他是我最好的朋友。」接著,我倆都流下了眼淚。六個月後,母親因肺癌去世,剩下我一人來照顧吉米。吉米不能馬上適應去上班時沒有父親陪著,因此搬來紐約和我一起住了一段時間。我走到哪裡他就跟到哪裡,他好像適應得很好。但吉米依然想住在我父母的房子里,繼續干他原來的工作。我答應把他送回去。此事最後做成了。如今,他在那裡生活了11年,在許多人的照料下,同時依靠自己生活得有聲有色。他已成了鄰里間不可或缺的人物。如果你有郵件要收,或有狗要遛,他就是你所要的人。當然,母親的話沒錯:可以有一個家,既能容納他的缺陷又能裝下我的雄心。事實上,關照像吉米這樣一個深愛又感激我的人,更加豐富了我的生活,其他任何東西都不能與之相比。這一點,在9·11災難後幾天更顯真切。那天是吉米57歲生日。我在紐約自己的家裡為他舉辦生日宴會,但是我們家的人都沒能來參加,因為交通困難,而且災難帶來的恐懼使他們依然心有餘悸。我邀請了我的好友,請他們來幫忙把宴會弄得熱鬧些,增加點歡快氣氛,沒去理會他們多數人在情感上都有些疲憊這一事實。於是我一反常態,沒說「請不要帶禮物」,而是向他們喊「請帶禮物來」。我的朋友──吉米認識他們多年了──帶來了中意的禮物:鄉村音樂CD、一件長袖運動衫、一條有「吉米」字樣的皮帶、一頂編織的羊毛帽,還有一套牛仔

服。那天晚上,我們先是送禮物,然後是切從他喜歡的麵包店裡買來的巧克力蛋糕,當然還唱了「生日歌」,否則宴會就不算完整了。吉米一次次地問:「該切蛋糕了吧?」等用完餐和送完禮物後,吉米再也控制不住了。他焦急地等著點上蠟燭,然後在我們「生日快樂」的歌聲中,一口長氣吹滅了蠟燭。戶然而吉米對我們的努力還是感到不滿足。他縱身跳到椅子上,直挺著身子,雙手食指朝天,一邊喊一邊指揮我們唱歌:「再──來──次!」我們全力以赴地唱。待我們唱完時,他翹起兩個拇指喊道:「好極了!」本來我們想讓他知道,無論世上有多難的事情,總是有人來關心他。現在反倒是提醒了我們自己。對於吉米來說,我們唱歌時的愛心,是他心中額外的禮物,但是他原先更想看到的,是別人再次感到快樂。有如父親的去世一夜之間改變了吉米的世界,9·11也改變了我們的生活;我們熟悉的世界不復存在了。但是,當我們為吉米唱歌,相互緊擁,祈禱全球和平時,我們也意識到,朋友、家人間永恆的愛和支持可以讓我們克服生活中的任何困難。吉米以樸素的方式為我們協調了眼前的一切,他做到這一點並不令人吃驚。吉米的愛可以征服一切,這是任何東西都限制不了的。

Unit1SectionB

時值秋夜,在我的故鄉新斯科舍,小雨淅瀝,輕叩錫鐵屋頂。我們周末度假寄住的古老小屋,彌漫著一股霉味。空氣寒冷得讓人發抖,於是我們點上了富蘭克林取暖爐。我們悠然地喝著熱朱古力,接著父親走向立式鋼琴,捲起襯衣袖,伸出一指敲一曲。他算不上一個鋼琴家,可他知道歌中的情、家中的愛。母親放下手中的針線活,和他同坐在一條凳子上,然後我哥哥也快緩步走向鋼琴。最後,不太能唱歌卻能拉拉小提琴的我也湊熱鬧唱了一兩句。一向體貼人的父親說:「你看,你也可以唱的,寶貝。唱得很好。」我常常記得成長的過程中感受到的溫暖、幸福和關愛。雖然我花了好些年才知道,家人的愛不是憑空產生的。葉事實上,愛從來就不是憑空產生的,甚至對那些看上去像我父母那樣天生充滿愛的人來說也一樣。但是,我願打賭,你必須生活於一個構架之中,方能讓愛這一無與倫比的禮物瓜熟蒂落。首先,愛需要時間。也許人們可以一眼看到愛的可能,見面幾周後就鄭重宣布「我愛你」等等,但是這樣的愛,相當於剛開始爬山,而這漫長的爬山之路充滿著起起落落。瓜熟蒂落之愛就像一個有生命的機體。它跟一棵橡樹的生命一樣,從土裡的一粒種子開始,慢慢地長成幾乎無葉的細枝,最後枝繁葉茂、足以遮蔭,成就其輝煌。我們不可調控或者加速其成長所需的年月,相反,我們必須用才智和耐心,始終欣賞相互間的差異,分享彼此的快樂和痛苦。因此,如果因小怒而離婚,父母孩子相互不信任,在第一次受傷害後中斷友誼,或不再相信愛,那是令人痛心的事情。我們常常未經深思熟慮就向某人說「再見」,結果付出了非常昂貴的感

情代價。我曾經認識一對父子,他們被各自的生活困難困擾,多年來距離越拉越遠,結果相互間幾乎沒話可說,而相互間沒了依靠,他們的.生活變得空虛。兒子大學畢業後的那個夏天,打算開著黃色老卡車到連通全國的雙車道公路上周遊一番(那時還沒有免費高速公路)。有一天,在准備出發時,他看見父親沿著繁忙的街道走來。父親熟悉的臉上帶著的孤苦令他震動。他邀父親停下來喝杯啤酒。沖動之下,他說:「來吧,爸爸。讓我們一塊兒度過一個夏天吧。」他父親是個傢具推銷商。雖然冒著家裡生意受損失的大風險,父親還是跟兒子走了。他們一道宿營,一道爬山,一道坐在海邊,一道探索城市的街道和幽靜的鄉村。在他們旅行後不久,他父親告訴我:「在過去的兩個月里,我學到的為父之道比我在我兒子成長的21年的歲月里學到的都多。」每個人的生活,都應該為愛的人留出空間,為我們愛的人抽出我們認為抽不出的時間是值得的。我們不應該誤導自己,認為我們所愛的人必須像自己一樣。關鍵是認可和欣賞我們間的差異。這些差異使得人們之間的關系有了一絲神秘和新奇。愛也需要另一種更為難得的能力──放手的能力。在我結婚的頭幾年,我錯誤地認為我丈夫應該想時刻和我在一起。我們第一次去拜訪他家時,我發現他們家的人做事時男的和男的在一起,女的與女的在一起。我公公佔了我的位子,坐到前車座我丈夫的旁邊。他倆常常一道出去,將我留下和女人們在一起。我向我丈夫抱怨,讓他夾在他所愛的人當中,痛苦不堪。我婆婆說得好:「和父親在一起是他生活的一部分;和你在一起是另一部分。你對二者都該感到高興啊。」我明白,愛就像根松緊帶,在它將你們緊緊拉在一起之前,必須先松開。愛又像涌來的潮水,一浪過後先退卻一點,下一浪才會比前一浪離你的心更近。最後,愛需要言語來實現。沒有言語,爭吵不能得到解決,這樣我們就失去了分享自己生活意義的能力。重要的是承認並表達自己的情感。這樣,我們才能真正使我們自己和我們所愛的人興高采烈。愛不是一次性的行為,而是一生的探索。我們總是在這種探索中學習、發現和成長。一次失敗不能毀滅愛,一次親吻也不能贏得愛。唯有耐心和理解才能得到愛。

Unit3SectionA

海德中學的辦學宗旨是:如果你向學生傳授諸如求真、勇敢、正直、領導能力、好奇心和關心他人等美德的話,學生的學習成績自然就會提高。該校的創始人約瑟夫·高爾德聲稱學校的教學很成功。海德中學位於緬因州巴思市,每年的學費高達1.8萬美元,因其教導問題少年有方而聞名遐邇。「我們並不把自己看作一所專為某一類孩子而開設的學校,」馬爾科姆·高爾德說。他是約瑟夫的兒子,畢業於海德中學,現任海德中學校長。「我們把幫助孩子培養一種生活方式看作自己的職責,辦法是倡導一整套能影響所有孩子的價值觀念。」現在,喬·高爾德(約瑟夫·高爾德)正試圖將他尚有爭議的「品德第一」的理念向舊城區的公立學

校推廣。這些學校願意將用於傳統教學計劃的稅金用於實施這一新的教學方法。海德公立學校第一個教學計劃始於1992年9月。但幾個月後,該計劃即告暫停。教師們對教學計劃的高要求以及高強度工作所帶來的壓力表示抗議。今年秋天,海德基金會計劃在巴爾的摩啟動初步的公立學校教學計劃。教師要接受培訓,以便今後能在整個巴爾的摩體系內勝任工作。美國其他學校的領導們也在關注這個教學計劃。去年秋天,在家長的一片抗議聲中,海德基金會在康涅狄格州紐黑文市郊區的一所中學內啟動了一個引人注目的教學計劃。當地居民擔心該校可能招進來舊城區的少數民族學生和問題學生。就像在緬因州那樣,求真也在康涅狄格州的這所中學得到廣泛推崇。在一堂英語課上,11名學生用最後的5分鍾展開激烈的討論,依照1-10的評分標准相互評價他們當天的課堂表現。「我得10分。」「我有意見。你既沒做語法作業,也沒做拼寫練習。」「那好,就7分吧。」「你只能得6分。」「等等,我可是全力以赴的。」「是的,可你今天沒提問。」在解釋自己的教育方法時,喬·高爾德指出,對傳統的教育體制不能

只是改革。他說「無論怎樣改革」,用馬和馬車「是改革不出汽車的」。海德中學認為「每一個人都有自己的獨特潛能」,這種潛能的基礎是品格而不是智力或財富。良知和苦幹受到推崇。成功由不斷進步來衡量,而不是由學習成績來評定。學生必須相互負責。為了避免美國中學使用的其他品格培養方案所引發的爭議,高爾德解釋說,「全力以赴」這一概念並不是要強迫學生接受某一套道德原則或宗教觀念。海德中學的課程與那些為升入大學做准備的傳統學校所開設的課程相似,包括英語、歷史、數學和自然科學。但所有的學生都必須選修表演藝術和體育,還要提供社區服務。在每門課程中,學生都會得到一個綜合了學習成績和「努力程度」的分數。在巴思市,97%的海德中學畢業生都升入了大學本科。在海德中學的綜合教育中,父母的參與是一個關鍵的組成部分。為了使孩子被該校錄取,家長也必須同意接受並實踐學校的思想和觀點。家長們簽約同意每月出席一次區域小組會議(共20個區域小組),每年去區域休養所三天,每年至少參加三次巴思市的研修班、討論組和研討會。在很多活動中,緬因州學生家長的出席率高達95%。喬和馬爾科姆·高爾德都說,當孩子們見到自己的父母都在全力以赴時,他們也會竭盡全力。他們說,對許多家長而言,最困難的是讓他們意識到自己的不足。公立學校學生家長的活動計劃仍在制定之中。這項工作的困難要大得多,因為很難使家長相信他們的參與很有價值。在紐黑文市錄取的100名學生中,有30%左右的家長出席了各類特別會議。這一低出席率違背了他們在教學計劃開始實施時所做的承諾,當時海德中學的官員曾與300個家庭進行了面談。巴思市一名在公立學校教書達14年之久的教師說,一旦問題得到解決,海德教學計劃就會在公立學校中獲得成功。他樂觀地認為,一旦家長們投入到計劃當中,他們就會成為孩子們日常行為的榜樣,這與寄宿學

校的學生家長完全不同。一名曾任教於舊城區學校的教師如今在從事紐黑文教學計劃。他說,教師也能從中受益。「在這里,我們真正開始集中精力與每一個學生建立卓有成效的關系。我們的重點真的是先考慮師生關系,然後是師生共同探討學業。而在傳統的中學里,是先考慮教師和教材的關系,然後再考慮師生關系。」師生關系在海德中學被進一步深化了。對教職員工的評估由學生來進行。19歲的吉米·迪巴蒂斯塔今年5月將從巴思校區畢業,並准備升入大學。對此他感到驚奇。幾年前,他還覺得自己的前途「是在監獄,而不是在大學」。迪巴蒂斯塔還記得他剛到海德中學時的情景。「我來這兒時,見人就侮辱,就咒罵。其他每所學校都會說:?滾出去!我們這兒不要你。?我來到這兒,他們卻說:?我們有幾分喜歡這種活力,但並不喜歡它消極的一面,我們要將它轉化成積極的東西。?」

Unit3SectionB

以國家為背景探討解決問題或做出決策的方式就意味著研究許多復雜的文化因素。它意味著設法評估這些因素對現代生活的影響,也意味著把握目前正在發生的變化。在日本,最重要的是你為什麼單位工作。

在對取向或決策過程進行分析時,這一點尤為重要。

至少,它說明了美國工作流動性大而相比而言日本工作穩定性高的原因。

盡管我們在許多方面存在差異,但這些差異並無優劣之分。

一種特定的管理行為模式是由多個獨特的文化因素復合發展而成的──因而僅在一定的文化中起作用。

讓我來描述一下三四種日本文化的特徵,它們以某種方式影響著決策以及解決問題的方式。

這些特徵是相互聯系的。

首先,在日本,任何處理問題的方法或任何談判都體現著「你對你」的方式,這有別於西方「我對你」的方式。

差別在於:在「我對你」的方式中,雙方都坦率地從自己的觀點出發提出主張──他們說出自己想要什麼,希望得到什麼。

如此一來就形成了對峙的局面,西方人也十分善於應付對峙局面。

日本人所採用的「你對你」方式則立足於雙方──自然而然地並常常是下意識地──力圖理解對方的觀點。

因此,會晤的目標是雙方共同努力減少對峙,謀求和諧。

第二個特點基於「一致共識」及「由下而上」的原則。

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