关于表彰优秀研究生导师的决定

① 教育部发文明确研究生导师立德树人几项职责

教育部近日印发《关于全面落实研究生导师立德树人职责的意见》。意见以条文形式强化了研究生导师基本素质要求，提出政治素质过硬、师德师风高尚、业务素质精湛是研究生导师必须满足的三大基本素质要求。

《意见》明确了研究生导师立德树人职责，具体包括提升研究生思想政治素质、培养研究生学术创新能力、培养研究生实践创新能力、增强研究生社会责任感、指导研究生恪守学术道德规范、优化研究生培养条件、注重对研究生人文关怀等七个方面。

《意见》指出，健全研究生导师评价激励机制。要完善评价考核机制，把立德树人纳入教学评估和学科评估指标体系，加强对研究生导师立德树人职责落实情况的评价。明确表彰奖励机制，研究生培养单位要将研究生导师立德树人评价考核结果，作为人才引进、职称评定、职务晋升、绩效分配、评优评先的重要依据，充分发挥考核评价的鉴定、引导、激励和教育功能。落实督导检查机制，对于未能履行立德树人职责的研究生导师，研究生培养单位视情况采取约谈、限招、停招、取消导师资格等处理措施；对有违反师德行为的，实行一票否决，并依法依规给予相应处理。

② 怎样的学术导师是好导师

“在任何学科领域，是否有一个好导师将决定学生的研究生涯初期的成败。” [1]

什么样的导师是好导师呢？2005年，Nature创立了the Nature awards for mentoring in science，用于表彰在指导研究生方面卓有成效的导师。有关人员广泛收集总结了学生们对其导师的评价，总结成了给导师的16条建议 [2]，如对学生的智力与能力的尊重，对学生职业发展（甚至选择非学术道路）的尊重，等等。

下文分别列出这16条建议，并引用学生的comments作为例证。基于我与自己的博士导师 && 我与本科期间的两个导师的各种经历，我highlight了这些comment里让我深有感触的地方。在异国求学，一个supportive的好导师是如父亲一般的存在（撒花）~

此外，我认为导师“nice”这个说法太笼统。我认为挑导师主要有两个维度：一个是做人，一个是治学。真正的好导师，做人方面要正直、得体，尊重学生，让学生如沐春风，心情愉快，感到个人价值受到认可；做研究方面，要非常responsible，对学生的研究生涯发展很给力，所以push至少比放羊好一点，让学生紧张一点总比松懈要好——五年PHD实在是好短哒。

1. Be available：给学生及时的帮助和反馈
"George meets with his students very regularly and is always available to them. I cannot remember him ever cancelling an appointment with me despite the tremendous demands on his time (he was Head of Department for some of the time that I was his student). He reads drafts promptly and provides clear, constructive comments. He is never negative and never belittles even the most junior of students."
"Undoubtedly the greatest attribute of Charles's mentorship style is his accessibility. Rarely in the 6 years I was in his laboratory did I note him not to have an open door to discuss recent results with anyone from within, or indeed from outside, her/his laboratory. This availability combined with Charles's approachable attitude resulted in a mentor that you were not afraid to speak to, with whatever result you had in hand be it positive or negative. Even after leaving his laboratory I founds his door was always open to discuss scientific ideas."

2. Respect：尊重学生的人格和智力
"Mary treats her colleagues, regardless of whether they are doing a PhD or if they are a fellow Professor, with the same high regard. In doing so, she inspires confidence in her collaborators."
一般而言，被吐槽的导师都是这一点做得差，把学生当做干活机器。

3. Be generous：无私的分享精神
"Mark's magnanimity in sharing his own ideas and delight in seeing others succeed has also been an inspiration, not just for myself but for a whole generation of younger scientists."

"Sally did and still does this by allowing them to run with ideas that she helped to develop or even proced herself entirely and by allowing them, to take on senior authorship on important papers even though she could claim it for herself."

4. Indivial difference：每个学生想要追求的人生目标是不同的，每个学生也都有自己的私人生活
"A mentor needs the ability to create a unique relationship with each member of the lab. Francis possesses this attribute and sees the strengths and skills of each indivial and then designs projects to suit these strengths. Her ability to understand that not everyone works in the same way or wants the same things from their lives enables her to proce the best results from people."
"Not everybody wants to be a leading researcher and some have skills that better suit them to other occupations. There is little point in encouraging young people to take on a career to which they may be unsuited or which they will find stressful or uninteresting. So I believe it is necessary sometimes to encourage them into other directions ."
这段话让我非常感动——我觉得这种对个人意志与自由选择的无私尊重，简直是一种伟大的人性的光辉。正如原文[2]指出，there is more to life that what they do in the lab. They need freedom to "smell the roses" as one mentee put it. If things change and appear to be going wrong we need to try and understand why. If personal life is becoming tough, then give them time and space. Good mentors make themselves aware of this. Again we are often so busy we don't notice. 所以，A good supervisor/mentor appreciates these differences and does not try and fit square pegs in round holes. They know when to back off and let people make their own decisions and when to come in and offer support and sympathy.

5. For Life：一日为师，终身为父